The Zonta Club of Cebu II, in its cause to empower and advance the status of women, embarks on the challenge to end child marriages among Filipina girls who are often on the receiving end of the adverse consequences of these underage unions.
Maria Aurora Quillala, Advocacy and Partnership Manager of the Philippine Legislators Committee on Population and Development (PLCPD), said the adverse effects of child marriages and unions among girls cover her physical, mental and emotional health and moreso, her economic well-being. Quilala made the statement in her keynote speech in the “Girls Not Brides” webinar hosted by Zontians on Saturday, January 9.
A child marriage happens when one or both of the spouses are under the age of maturity which is, in the case of the Philippines, 18 years old. Quilala said cases of child marriages are technically equivalent to forced marriage since under the law, persons under 18 do not have the capacity to freely enter into contracts, let alone an eternally binding contract of marital relations.
Prevalence of child marriages in the Philippines
While discussions on child marriage is not a common topic on the table, statistics on child marriage in the Philippines say otherwise in reality, especially for girls bound by the chains of poverty.
The Philippines, according to data presented by Quilala, ranks 12th globally in terms of absolute number of child marriages. “Marriage,” in this case, includes both those that are legally binding and common law unions where the underaged spouse or spouses cohabit with each other.
One in every six Filipinas enters marriage before she turns 18 while 15% of women aged 20-24 say they got married before they turn 18 and 2% of Filipinas in this age group married while they were still under 15. Around 75% of the time that underage girls are ushered into child marriage, they are marrying an adult man.
Quilala said there is a strong correlation between incidence of child marriage and poverty in the country. Aside from poverty, traditions where children are compelled to enter into marriage also play a significant factor.
Although the Family Code of the Philippines requires that parties in a marriage should be at least 18 years old, this does not stop common law unions and even marriages of young girls that are sanctioned by exemptions under other laws such as the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines which allows the marriage of girls upon reaching the age of puberty.
Effects of child marriages on girls
Girls entering marriage at a very early age face consequences from the risk of bearing and rearing a child at an age, when her anatomy and her emotional and mental state are not yet ready for motherhood, and when she, herself, should still have been under a nurturing parental care.
Physically, a child mother faces a number of health risks which include anemia, STIs, postpartum hemorrhage, abortion, poor mental health, and closely spaced pregnancies. According to data from the Philippine Statistics Authority, pregnancy and childbirth-related complications among 15-24-year-old mothers account for 22% of maternal deaths in the country. The child born from a young mother also faces the risks of preterm birth, low birth weight which contribute to infant mortality.
Herein, adolescent pregnancy may be a result from child marriage. In other cases, meanwhile, child marriages also proceed from the intent to “preserve the family’s honor” when a girl is found to be conceiving a child.
In terms of opportunities, a girl who is ushered into marriage loses her opportunities for self-improvement and to have a better standing when she comes of age. Data shows that the top reason for girls in dropping out of school is “marriage and family matters.” Without completing her education, a girl who is forced into marital life also loses her chances to land a good job that could fit her interest and skills that she could have acquired from studying. This case results in the economic dependency of a girl to her husband.
Legislations to end child marriage
According to Quilala, the initiative and call for legislation to end child marriages in the Philippines date back 10 years ago. However, a proposed bill for the purpose only materialized in 2019. Before the end of 2020, a consolidated bill to end child marriages, which makes marrying children a public crime, has been passed in third reading in the Senate. In the House of Representatives, however, three proposed bills for the same purpose remain pending and unprioritized at the committee level.
While the road to end child marriages has been rough, with several obstacles,, the Zontians are committed to reach out and educate stakeholders, so that more Filipino girls are given the opportunity to manage their choices towards a better and brighter future, empowered through quality education and financial independence. Quilala said Zontians and other women can join the cause of ending child marriages by being part of the Girls Defender Alliance and taking part in the dialogues to lobby with lawmakers the passage of the legislation on ending child marriages in the country.
/PR
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